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1
注册步骤清单（加州 + LA 县）Registration Checklist (CA + LA County)
Step-by-step to legally start a small business注册一家合法小生意的步骤
| 步骤Step | 做什么Do What | 费用 · 时间Cost · Time |
|---|---|---|
| 1. 起名 + DBA1. Name + DBA | LA 县登记处 lavote.gov · 申请「Fictitious Business Name」· 4 周内要在报纸上登广告 4 次LA County Registrar lavote.gov · file "Fictitious Business Name" · publish in newspaper 4 weeks | $26 + 报纸费 1–2 周$26 + newspaper 1–2 weeks |
| 2. 申请 EIN2. Get EIN | 联邦税号 · irs.gov/EIN · ITIN 也可申请（填 SS-4 表）Federal tax ID · irs.gov/EIN · ITIN holders use Form SS-4 | 免费 15 分钟Free 15 minutes |
| 3. 加州销售税号3. CA Seller's Permit | 卖商品才需要（餐馆、店铺、网店）· cdtfa.ca.gov · 服务业不需要Only if you sell goods (restaurant, shop, online) · cdtfa.ca.gov · services don't need it | 免费 立刻拿到Free Instant |
| 4. 市营业执照4. City Business License | 在哪个市开店就向哪个市申请 · LA 市：finance.lacity.org · 第一年常免费Apply in your city · City of LA: finance.lacity.org · often free first year | $0–200/年 1–2 周$0–200/yr 1–2 weeks |
| 5. 行业牌照5. Industry License | 餐馆 → 县卫生局 · 美甲/美发 → CA Board of Barbering · 建筑 → CSLB · 儿童托管 → CA CCLRestaurant → Health Dept · Nails/Hair → CA Board · Construction → CSLB · Childcare → CA CCL | $50–500 1–8 周$50–500 1–8 weeks |
| 6. 开公司银行账户6. Business Bank Account | 带 EIN + DBA 证书 + 身份证 · Cathay 国泰 / East West 华美都接受 ITINBring EIN + DBA certificate + ID · Cathay, East West Bank accept ITIN | $0–15/月 30 分钟$0–15/mo 30 minutes |
⚠️ 没有 SSN 也可以做以上每一步 — 用 ITIN（IRS 个人税号）即可。
⚠️ Every step above can be done with an ITIN — no SSN required.
2
商业结构对比Business Structure Comparison
Which to choose for your stage不同阶段适合哪种结构
| 类型Type | 设立费Setup Cost | 年费Annual Fee | 保护资产？Asset Protection? | 适合谁？Best For |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sole Prop 个人独资个人独资 |
$0 | $0 | ❌ 不保护❌ No | 个体自雇者（清洁、报税、翻译）— 用真名做生意Solo workers (cleaning, tax, translation) using own legal name |
| DBA 个人独资 + 店名Sole prop + name |
$26 + 报纸费newspaper | $0 | ❌ 不保护❌ No | 大部分新创业者 — 想要一个店铺名字，又不想花年费Most new businesses — want a business name, no annual fees |
| LLC 有限责任公司Limited Liability |
$70 + 登记filing | $800/年$800/yr | ✓ 保护个人房产存款✓ Yes (mostly) | 收入超 $40K/年的稳定生意，或有诉讼风险（餐馆、装修）Stable businesses earning $40K+/year, or lawsuit risk (restaurant, construction) |
| S Corp S 型公司S Corporation |
$100 + 登记filing | $800/年 + 工资税$800/yr + payroll | ✓ 保护✓ Yes | 利润超 $80K/年 — 可以省自雇税 — 但需要工资单 + 报税复杂Profits $80K+ — saves SE tax, but needs payroll + complex tax |
💡 建议：💡 Tip:
大部分人从 DBA 开始最划算 — 没有年费，报税简单（Schedule C）。生意稳定后再转 LLC。
Most people start best with DBA — no annual fee, simple tax (Schedule C). Switch to LLC once stable.
3
自雇报税清单Self-Employed Tax Checklist
What to track all year — what to file全年要记录的 + 报税时要交的
| 项目Item | 说明What it is | 如何记录How to track |
|---|---|---|
| 所有收入All Revenue | 现金、微信、Zelle、信用卡都要算 — 不报漏算是逃税Cash, WeChat, Zelle, credit card — under-reporting is tax fraud | 每天记录到 Excel 或 WaveLog daily in Excel or Wave |
| 店租 · 水电Rent · Utilities | 100% 可抵扣（如果只用于生意）100% deductible (if business-only) | 月度账单存档Save monthly bills |
| 库存 · 原料Inventory · Supplies | 买进的商品成本 (COGS)Cost of Goods Sold | 保留进货单据Save supplier invoices |
| 车辆使用Vehicle Use | 每英里 67¢ (2024) 或实际开销67¢/mile (2024) or actual costs | Stride / Everlance App 自动追踪Stride / Everlance app auto-tracks |
| 手机 · 网费Phone · Internet | 业务使用比例可抵扣（一般 50–80%）Business % deductible (usually 50–80%) | 月度账单Monthly bills |
| 家庭办公室Home Office | 专门工作的房间面积比例可抵扣% of home dedicated to business | 量一下房间尺寸Measure room sq ft |
| 广告 · 营销Advertising · Marketing | 名片、网站、微信广告、Yelp 广告Cards, website, WeChat ads, Yelp ads | 100% 可抵扣100% deductible |
| 外包人工Contractors | 付给个人超 $600/年要发 1099 表Issue 1099 if paying anyone $600+/year | 收 W-9 表先Get W-9 form first |
季度预交税截止日：Quarterly Tax Due Dates:
4 月 15 · 6 月 15 · 9 月 15 · 次年 1 月 15
Apr 15 · Jun 15 · Sep 15 · Jan 15
— 利润超 $400/年就要交
— Required if profit over $400/year
4
免费创业辅导Free Business Mentors & Training
All free in Los Angeles洛杉矶免费机构
SCORE 商业导师SCORE Mentors
SCORE — Retired Executive Mentors退休企业家义务辅导
(213) 487-5762
score.org · 1 对 1 免费辅导，每月可见 1 次
LA 分会有中文 mentor — 写邮件 lascore@score.org 要求 score.org · Free 1-on-1 mentoring, monthly meetings
LA chapter has Chinese mentors — email lascore@score.org to request
LA 分会有中文 mentor — 写邮件 lascore@score.org 要求 score.org · Free 1-on-1 mentoring, monthly meetings
LA chapter has Chinese mentors — email lascore@score.org to request
100% 免费100% Free
LA SBDC 小企业发展中心LA Small Business Dev Center
LA Regional SBDC洛杉矶地区 SBDC
(213) 487-7244
smallbizla.org · 免费课程 · 商业计划辅导
提供西班牙语、中文、韩文翻译 smallbizla.org · Free classes · business plan coaching
Spanish, Chinese, Korean interpretation
提供西班牙语、中文、韩文翻译 smallbizla.org · Free classes · business plan coaching
Spanish, Chinese, Korean interpretation
免费 · 多种语言Free · Multilingual
Pacific Asian Consortium in Employment (PACE)PACE Finance
PACE Finance Corporation太平洋亚裔创业服务
(213) 989-3199
pacela.org · 专门服务亚裔小生意
商业辅导 + 小额贷款 $500–250K pacela.org · Asian American-focused
Business coaching + microloans $500–250K
商业辅导 + 小额贷款 $500–250K pacela.org · Asian American-focused
Business coaching + microloans $500–250K
亚裔专属Asian-focused
SBA Los Angeles 办事处SBA LA District Office
U.S. Small Business Administration美国小企业管理局
(818) 552-3215
sba.gov/local-assistance · 7(a) 贷款 $5K–5M
需 SSN + 信用分 ≥ 650 sba.gov/local-assistance · 7(a) loans $5K–5M
Requires SSN + credit ≥ 650
需 SSN + 信用分 ≥ 650 sba.gov/local-assistance · 7(a) loans $5K–5M
Requires SSN + credit ≥ 650
联邦机构Federal agency
Accion Opportunity FundAccion Opportunity Fund
CDFI 社区贷款CDFI Community Lender
(888) 720-3215
aofund.org · 无 SSN 可贷 · 低信用分 OK
$5K–250K · 利率高于 SBA 但门槛低 aofund.org · No SSN OK · Low credit OK
$5K–250K · Higher rates, lower barriers
$5K–250K · 利率高于 SBA 但门槛低 aofund.org · No SSN OK · Low credit OK
$5K–250K · Higher rates, lower barriers
ITIN 可贷ITIN accepted
CDC Small Business FinanceCDC Small Business Finance
CDC SBF — 加州 CDFICA CDFI Lender
(619) 291-3594
cdcloans.com · SBA 504 楼宇贷款 · 微贷 $5K–50K
洛杉矶分会有亚裔团队 cdcloans.com · SBA 504 real estate · microloans $5K–50K
LA office has Asian American team
洛杉矶分会有亚裔团队 cdcloans.com · SBA 504 real estate · microloans $5K–50K
LA office has Asian American team
楼宇 + 微贷Real estate + micro
5
注册机构（加州 + LA 县）Registration Agencies (CA + LA County)
Where to file到哪里办手续
华埠服务中心Chinatown Service Center
Chinatown Service Center (CSC)华埠服务中心
213-808-1700
767 N Hill St, Los Angeles CA 90012
cscla.org
免费 DBA/EIN 表格填写 · VITA 报税 · 商业计划辅导 767 N Hill St, Los Angeles CA 90012
cscla.org
Free DBA/EIN form help · VITA tax · business plan
cscla.org
免费 DBA/EIN 表格填写 · VITA 报税 · 商业计划辅导 767 N Hill St, Los Angeles CA 90012
cscla.org
Free DBA/EIN form help · VITA tax · business plan
免费 · 双语 · 不查身份Free · Bilingual · No status check
LA 县登记处 (DBA)LA County Registrar
LA County Registrar-RecorderDBA 申请
(562) 462-2177
lavote.gov · DBA 申请 $26
办事处：12400 Imperial Hwy, Norwalk · 也可网上申请 lavote.gov · DBA filing $26
Office: 12400 Imperial Hwy, Norwalk · or online
办事处：12400 Imperial Hwy, Norwalk · 也可网上申请 lavote.gov · DBA filing $26
Office: 12400 Imperial Hwy, Norwalk · or online
DBA 注册DBA filing
国税局 IRSIRS
Internal Revenue Service联邦税务
1-800-829-1040
中文按 2 · irs.gov/EIN
EIN 申请（免费）· ITIN 申请 · 1099 报税指南 Press 2 for Chinese · irs.gov/EIN
Free EIN · ITIN application · 1099 guide
EIN 申请（免费）· ITIN 申请 · 1099 报税指南 Press 2 for Chinese · irs.gov/EIN
Free EIN · ITIN application · 1099 guide
联邦官方Federal
CA CDTFA 税务局CA CDTFA
CA Dept of Tax & Fee Admin销售税号
1-800-400-7115
cdtfa.ca.gov · Seller's Permit（销售税号）免费
中文热线：1-800-457-2929 cdtfa.ca.gov · Free Seller's Permit
Chinese line: 1-800-457-2929
中文热线：1-800-457-2929 cdtfa.ca.gov · Free Seller's Permit
Chinese line: 1-800-457-2929
销售税号Seller's Permit
CalGold 执照查询CalGold License Lookup
CalGold — All CA Permits加州所有执照查询
网上工具Online only
calgold.ca.gov
输入您的生意类型 + 地址，系统列出您需要的所有执照 calgold.ca.gov
Enter your business type + address — get a full permit list
输入您的生意类型 + 地址，系统列出您需要的所有执照 calgold.ca.gov
Enter your business type + address — get a full permit list
免费工具Free tool
洛杉矶市财政局LA City Finance Office
City of LA — Business Tax市营业执照
(844) 663-4411
finance.lacity.org · 市营业执照
第一年免费（小生意豁免：年收入 <$100K） finance.lacity.org · City business tax cert
Free first year (small biz exempt if <$100K revenue)
第一年免费（小生意豁免：年收入 <$100K） finance.lacity.org · City business tax cert
Free first year (small biz exempt if <$100K revenue)
LA 市City of LA
6
华人客户营销渠道Chinese Customer Channels
Where to find Chinese-speaking customers in LA在 LA 找华人客户的地方
| 平台Platform | 客户群Audience | 费用Cost | 建议频率Post Frequency |
|---|---|---|---|
| 微信朋友圈 + 群WeChat Moments + Groups | 所有年龄华人，新移民多All ages, especially new immigrants | 免费Free | 每周 2–3 条2–3x/week |
| 小红书 / RedNoteXiaohongshu / RedNote | 25–45 岁华人女性 · 美容、餐饮、生活Chinese women 25–45 · beauty, food, lifestyle | 免费Free | 每周 2 篇带照片2 photo posts/wk |
| YelpYelp | 华裔 + 美国客户 · 餐馆、美容、装修Chinese American + American · food, beauty, contractors | 免费上架 · 广告 $300+/月Free listing · ads $300+/mo | 每月回复评价Reply to reviews monthly |
| Google BusinessGoogle Business Profile | 本地搜索 — 「我附近的中餐馆」Local search — "Chinese restaurant near me" | 免费Free | 每月发图 + 帖子Monthly photos + posts |
| 世界日报 / 星岛日报World Journal · Sing Tao | 中老年华人 · 看报纸Middle-aged + older Chinese | $50–500/广告$50–500/ad | 分类广告 / 季节性Classifieds / seasonal |
| KW news 88.1 FM 中文广播KW News 88.1 FM | 本地华人开车听众Chinese drivers in LA | $200–1000/周$200–1000/wk | 大生意才划算Bigger businesses only |
7
新创业者常犯的错误Common First-Year Mistakes
Avoid these to give yourself a chance避开这些 — 让生意撑过第一年
| 错误Mistake | 后果What Happens | 怎么避免How to Avoid |
|---|---|---|
| 公司钱和家里钱混着用Mixing biz & personal money | 报税抓狂、审计被罚款、LLC 失去资产保护Tax nightmare, audit fines, LLC veil pierced | 第一天就开公司银行账户Open biz bank account day 1 |
| 没存税钱Not saving for taxes | 4 月报税时 IRS 来要 $10K+，付不出April surprise: IRS wants $10K+ you don't have | 每月利润存 25–30% 到第二个账户Save 25–30% of profit to a second account |
| 没有营业执照就开No business license | 市政府查到罚款 $500+，强制关门City fines $500+, forced closure | 用 calgold.ca.gov 查需要哪些执照Use calgold.ca.gov to check permits |
| 第一年就开 LLCLLC too early | 每年白交 $800 加州税$800/yr wasted on CA franchise tax | 先用 DBA — 收入稳定后再转 LLCStart with DBA — switch to LLC later |
| 借房子贷款做生意Mortgaging home for biz | 生意失败 = 失去家Business fails = lose home | 不要拿房产做担保 — 用 CDFI 微贷Never collateralize home — use CDFI microloans |
| 付员工现金不报税Paying workers cash off-books | EDD 审计补缴税 + 罚款，员工受伤无保险EDD audit + fines, worker injury = no insurance | 合法发工资或开 1099 — 工伤保险买好Payroll legally or 1099 — buy workers' comp |